As a chokepoint for all coming and going, the gates became the center of business deals in the ancient world. Here Boaz runs into the man who is the nearer kinsman-redeemer. We are not given his name. He is simply referred to as Peloni Almoni, which translates as “old so-and-so,” or perhaps “what’s his face.”

3-4 The First Part of the Deal

Either Peloni was not expecting his role as kinsman-redeemer to also include the obligation of the levirate marriage or (and more likely) he expected the levirate marriage to be with the elderly Naomi, who would not be capable of having children. Either way, Peloni expected his role as kinsman-redeemer to be something that actually enriched his own line rather than as something that gave away to others. There is a long tradition of men turning charity into a profitable racket.

5-6 The Second Part of the Deal

Boaz presents a surprise part of the deal. Instead of marrying Naomi, the man must marry Ruth. Peloni hadn’t seen this coming. If he marries Ruth, she is likely to have a son and the redeemed land will go to that line instead of to Peloni’s existing line. And so Peloni backs out of the deal.

7-10 Sealing the Deal

In the ancient world the foot stood for power, might, dominance, and ownership ( Josh. 10:24, Ps. 8:7, Deut. 11:24, Josh. 1:3, 14:9). The shoe came to represent this same power and authority (Ps. 60:8, 108:10, Ex. 3:5, 2 Sam. 15:30). If a man refused to act as kinsman-redeemer, the widow that he was supposed to marry was to remove his sandal to indicate his abdication, namely his failure to use his power as it ought to be used (Deut. 25:9-10).

So the man’s sandal was a picture of both his power and authority, as well as a symbol of his obligation to act as redeemer. Rather than having it removed and getting slapped with it by Naomi or Ruth, Boaz is gives Peloni
an out by offering to trade positions with him. That is why they trade sandals. Boaz now declares before the men his marriage to Ruth, fulfilling the promise that he made to Ruth on the threshing floor.

11-12 The Blessing of Men

The men give Boaz two blessings. May Ruth be like Rachel and Leah, the founding mothers of Israel. And may she be like Tamar, a woman who demonstrated the same sort of faith as Ruth by committing herself to this family line.

13-17 The Blessing of the Women

Now God supplies the thing that had been missing all along, the birth of the son. The women praise God for his deliverance through this boy.

18-22 The Genealogy of David

So now we see the fulfilment of all these blessings. It turns out that Ruth’s son from Boaz is Obed, grandfather of king David. Peloni ditched this because he wanted to preserve his name. And in doing so, he lost his name.

Whose name is listed in Mt. 1:5 and Lk. 3:32? What Peloni tried to save, he lost. Ruth did not have the genealogy. But she did have faith.

3:1-5 Naomi Hatches a Plan

The attention that Ruth received from Boaz opens up a possibility of deliverance that Naomi had not expected – the existence of a redeemer. There are two legal principles at work here.

One is the right to redeem land (Lev. 25:23-34, see also the right to redeem an Israelite from slavery Lev. 25:39-55). This was a right that was given to someone who was near of kin (Lev. 25:48-49), which is why we call him the kinsman redeemer. The other is the duty to keep a family line alive (Deut. 25:5-10). Again, this was a duty that fell on the close relative to keep a family name alive.

In the story of Ruth, these two principles are both at work. Naomi and Ruth need to have their land redeemed, but they also need a line to receive this inheritance, because it can’t be passed on outside of the family (Num. 36:9).

The plan is for Ruth to be deliberately seductive towards Boaz. She is going to wait for the right moment to approach Boaz, but part of this is that she is bypassing any interaction with other men so that she can focus solely on Boaz.

6-9 The Threshing Floor

The threshing of the grain is accompanied by a celebration of feasting. Naomi chooses this moment, ripe with innuendo, for Ruth to approach Boaz. Ruth calls Boaz to fulfil the role of redeemer. The request to cover her with his wing, is a request for him to be her husband (Ez. 16:8 and the prohibitions of sexual infidelity – Deut. 22:30, 27:20, etc.). But it is also a reminder that Ruth’s seeking of refuge with Boaz is her seeking refuge with Yahweh (2:12).

10-11 The Blessing of Boaz

Boaz recognizes Ruth’s faithfulness for what it is. Her faithfulness gets better and better ( John 2:10). He grants her request and then Boaz pays her a very high compliment, calling her “a virtuous woman.” This corresponds with the description of Boaz (2:1) and sets Ruth as the embodiment of the perfect woman (Prov. 31:10-31). Ruth stands for two things here, the first is what real biblical femininity looks like. The second is what real biblical faith looks like (without regard to gender).

12-13 A Nearer Kinsman

But Boaz notes that there is still a kinsman that is nearer to Naomi than himself. The duty of being the redeemer falls first to this nearer kinsman and then to Boaz. Ruth will have to be patient while he sorts this matter out.

14-18 Ruth Returns to Naomi

Ruth returns to Naomi with the news that Boaz will act. But she also brings back a gift of barley from Boaz. But remember that the barley is just a token of a much larger and more significant provision.

2:1 Boaz

In Numbers chapter 1, God orders Moses to take a census of all the men of war in Israel. And God appoints which man will stand as the head of the army of each tribe. The head of the tribe of Judah was a man named Nahshon, son of Amminadab. He was a man of great significance in the leadership of Israel at that time (Num. 7:12, 10:14, Ex. 6:23).

His son Salmon, we don’t know much about. He most likely fought under Joshua and Caleb when the Israelites invaded Canaan. And he is the man that took Rahab, the prostitute of Jericho, as his own wife. And the son of Salmon and Rahab was a man named Boaz. The book of Ruth says that Boaz was a very mighty warrior. We also know that Boaz was an Ephrathite, one of the older, established families in Bethlehem. As one commentator put it, “Boaz’s fullness is the counterpart to Naomi’s emptiness.”

2:2-7 Ruth Gleaning

The right to glean after the harvesters was a right reserved to the poor by the law of God (Lev. 19:9-10, 23:22, Deut. 24:19-22). Ruth has made it to Bethlehem just in time to participate in the harvest and wastes no time in getting out there. In God’s providence, Ruth ends up gleaning in the field of Boaz. When he visits his field, Boaz takes notice of Ruth immediately. She has already distinguished herself in the eyes of overseer of the harvesters. But Boaz already knows of her for another reason.

2:8-12 Boaz’s Favor

What Naomi had seemed to think was Ruth’s foolishness before (limiting herself to this family), Boaz now turns into a blessing. The farewell blessing of Naomi on Orpah and Ruth (1:8) is now being fulfilled in the field of Boaz (2:12). And the vow that Ruth made to Naomi (1:16-17) is now the basis for Boaz’s kindness to her (2:11). So we see two characteristics of Ruth that have been testified to in this chapter. First, she is a hard- working woman (2:7). Second, she is a woman of deep loyalty (2:11).

Notice that Boaz sees Ruth’s devotion also as a conversion. She has come under Yahweh’s wings (Ps. 57:1, Ps. 61:4, Ps. 91:4). There are several layers here.
1. Ultimately, this is about the line of Jesus. She has walked away from everything to give herself to Jesus (see Mat. 1:5).
2. The author of this story probably saw this in terms of the line of David (Ruth 4:17-22). 3. And a simple reading of this story would just see this as her giving herself to Naomi. It’s just the story of a really good friendship.
But even Boaz sees this as about an unreasonable and sudden devotion to Yahweh, and seeking refuge in him. Faith in the Old Testament, looking forward to Christ, had a different content, but the same object. We shouldn’t hesitate to be reading Christ back into these stories, even though they probably would not have been able to express the content of their faith in the same way that we would describe it for them.

2:13-18 God’s Provision

Boaz sees to it that Ruth’s gleaning is profitable. He also ensures her protection and provision throughout the day. When it was all over Ruth had gleaned a full ephah of grain – probably equal to just under 30 pounds, which is rather tremendous. At this time, this was equal to two full weeks wages for a field worker. But this is only a small thing. The provision proves that she has found favor in Boaz’s eyes, which is a far bigger deal.

2:19-23 Returning to Naomi

Ruth is quick to get home and share her proceeds with Naomi. Naomi sees that a possibility has been opened up that she did not anticipate. She advises Ruth to take her “all-in” attitude and focus it on Boaz.