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Dreams, Visions, and the Holy Spirit | Pentecost Sunday (King’s Cross)
Christ Church on June 11, 2025
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He Descended into Hades | Easter Sunday

Christ Church on

INTRODUCTION

Every Lord’s Day, in the Apostles’ Creed, we confess that Christ “descended into Hades,” although some of you may come from churches where you said, “descended into hell.” In Old English “hell” referred to the “underworld” or the place of the dead, which is what the original Latin and Greek words in the Creed referred to. However, over time “hell” has come to refer in common parlance to the place of eternal punishment of the damned, what Revelation calls the “lake of fire” or Gehenna, where the Devil and “death and Hades” are cast at the end of history (Rev. 20:10, 14).

This can create confusion: how could Jesus go to “hell?” The answer is that He didn’t. While it is true that He suffered the “hellish” torment due our sin on the Cross, when He cried “it is finished,” it really was, and as He told the dying thief next to Him, when He gave up the ghost, He went to “Paradise,” or what ancients would have understood as the place of the dead or Hades.

So as we celebrate the resurrection, it is fitting to ask, what does it mean that He “descended into Hades”? And the answer is: having fully suffered for the sins of all His people, Christ went down to that lowest place to release His people there and so prove that nothing can stop Him from bringing all His people to God in the highest place (1 Pet. 3:18).

The Text: “…When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men. (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth?…” (Eph. 4:7-10).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

Paul is in the process of summarizing our great unifying inheritance in Christ, and in order to do that, explains that when Christ ascended into Heaven, He led captivity itself captive and gave gifts to men (Eph. 4:7-8, cf. Ps. 68). But Paul pauses here and points out that before Christ ascended, He also descended, not merely to earth but even into the “lower regions” of the earth (Eph. 4:9). And Paul explains that Christ has descended that far and ascended above all heavens in order to fill all things (Eph. 4:10).

A BIBLICAL COSMOLOGY

In the Old Testament, the word for the grave and the place of the dead was “Sheol.” In Homer, the “underworld” was a literal place called “Hades” that Odysseus traveled to, but even in Scripture, God forbids necromancy (trying to communicate with the dead) and when the Witch of Endor summoned Samuel’s spirit, it came up out of the ground and Samuel foretold that Saul and his sons would be joining him shortly (1 Sam. 28:12-19). David prophesied, “For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell [Sheol]; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption” (Ps. 16:10). When the Apostle Peter quoted that verse at Pentecost, he translated “Sheol” as “Hades,” using the traditional Greek name for the place of the dead, and said it was talking about the resurrection of Jesus (Acts 2:27).

In the parable that Jesus told about the rich man and Lazarus, He pictured Hades as a place of torment for the wicked but a place of rest for the righteous: “And in hell [Hades] he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom” (Lk. 16:23). The ancients also refer to this as “paradise,” which Jesus referred to on the Cross: “Today you will be with me in paradise” (Lk. 23:43).

A PROTESTANT “HARROWING OF HELL”

The Church Fathers sometimes allowed their imaginations to run away on this point (and some of this is probably the origin of the Roman Catholic notions of purgatory and praying for the dead, which we reject), but putting all of this together: before the death and resurrection of Jesus, all people went in spirit at death to the same place called “Sheol” in Hebrew and “Hades” in Greek, which was divided between a place of torment and a place of restful waiting (Abraham’s bosom/Paradise). But the saints of old could not enjoy the fullness of the presence of God until their sins were actually paid for, which is suggested in Hebrews: “And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise: God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect” (Heb. 11:39-40).

Therefore, when Christ cried out, “It is finished!” and breathed His last, His Spirit left His body and descended into Hades, the place where all spirits were waiting. But He went there in order to “lead captivity captive.” He went there to proclaim His victory over sin, death, and the Devil to the damned (1 Pet. 3:19) and to release the Old Covenant saints out of Abraham’s Bosom/Paradise in Hades and usher them into the presence of God in Heaven. This is why Jesus tells John in Revelation, “I am He that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell [Hades] and of death” (Rev. 1:18). When Jesus rose from the dead, it proved that His soul did not remain in Hades, and if it could not remain there it is because He has the keys.

CONCLUSION

So this is the point: Christ went down to the lowest place to proclaim His victory and bring all of His own directly to God in the highest place. He did this to prove that nothing can stop Him from bringing His people to God. If nothing could stop Him from bringing Adam and Abraham and David to God, there is nowhere you can wander where He cannot reach you. There is no sin so dark that Christ cannot save you. There is no prison cell of sin so secure that He cannot release you.

Think of Jonah rebelling against the Lord fleeing to Tarshish into a great storm and swallowed by a great fish for three days and three nights, and Jonah prayed: “I called out to the LORD, out of my distress, and He answered me; out of the belly of Sheol I cried, and You heard my voice” (Jon. 2:1-2 ESV).

Have you run from God? Have you rebelled in your heart? In your mind? In your actions? Call out to the Lord. He will hear you from wherever you are.

The Bible is clear that after death, there are no second chances: we will all stand before God’s judgment seat (Rev. 20:12, 14-15, Heb. 9:27). If you trust your own deeds, your own righteousness, you will only sink down further, but if you place all your trust in Christ, there is no pit so deep that Christ will not find you there and bring you to God: “For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Mt. 12:40).

And so He was, and He is risen from the dead.

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Covenantal Education (The Well-Pleased Father #5) (King’s Cross)

Lindsey Gardner on

INTRODUCTION

God created the world with covenantal dynamics wound through everything. This has been the source of our Fall into sin in Adam, but it is also the source of our salvation and new life in Christ. Analogous covenants exist in the family and public square.

One the one hand this explains many of the challenges we face as families and nations, and on the other hand, this is also an invitation into God’s blessing. And the Bible teaches that the curses of covenant rebellion are not as powerful as the blessings of covenant faith (Ex. 32:6-7).

The Text: “And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord” (Eph. 6:4).

 

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

The Bible teaches that both mothers and fathers have significant duties in the raising of children. This is evident in the biblical requirement of honor and obedience of both mother and father (Eph. 6:1, Ex. 20:12). But the Bible also clearly lays this responsibility at the feet of fathers (Eph. 6:4). This is because of the covenantal nature of the family (Eph. 5:23), which is related the covenantal nature of the world: Adam was the father of the human race (Rom. 5:19), and Abraham is the father of all the faithful (Rom. 4:16). Thus, while mothers play essential roles, fathers are responsible to see to it that their children are not provoked to wrath but raised in the culture and counsel of the Lord Jesus (Eph. 6:4). And because God built the world this way, accepting this responsibility in faith is the path of God’s blessing.

 

COVENANT RESPONSIBILITY

Part of our problem is that we have been marinating in individualism for so long, we often think as mere individuals and think responsibility is either/or rather than both/and. Covenantal thinking teaches us to see the world as layered with loyalties, obligations, and duties (and therefore blessings). Cain was an early individualist: “Am I my brother’s keeper?” The answer was yes, as a brother. A husband is the head of his wife, like the head of a body. This doesn’t mean the wife is passive or has no obligations; it simply means that she is to give input and support as her husband’s body. And a husband is required to nourish/feed his wife as his own body, and the same word is used here for “raising/feeding” children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.

Practically, this means that a father is responsible for the culture of his family, including the discipline and education of his children. Thankfully, there has been a great revolt among thinking Christians over the last several decades pulling kids out of public schools, but sometimes this has resulted in Christian education being led and dominated by women and moms. This temptation is understandable when the men are hustling to put food on the table and pay the bills, but fathers are responsible to oversee this as well. There is plenty of room for delegating, but it must be true delegation and not abdication.

 

NOT PROVOKING

Colossians says something similar to what is said in Ephesians: “Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged” (Col. 3:21). Fathers are often tempted to harshness, and then sometimes in reaction to their failures, absent and distant. But both provoke children to anger.

Faithful fathers imitate the Father: they are present, engaged, consistent, responsible, and generous. “Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father or lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning” (Js. 1:17). Of course no earthly father matches this perfectly, and therefore our task is to point to that perfect Father with everything we can. One teacher describes faithful leadership as “failing in the right direction.”

While there really is a dearth of fathers in our land, our hope is not in perfect fathers. Our hope is in the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

 

CULTURE & COUNSEL

The words translated “nurture” and “admonition” are paideia and nouthesia, which literally mean culture and counsel. A culture is a way of life: ways of speaking, dressing, eating, celebrating, customs, traditions, and worship. Counsel is wisdom, teaching, knowledge, history. We see both of these in the great Shema:

“Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates” (Dt. 6:4-9).

All of this is why Christian fathers must provide a distinctly Christian education for their children. This is why we have banded together in schools and coops to accomplish this. This is why our deacons have a Christian education fund to help families accomplish this.

 

CONCLUSIONS

Psalm 127 says that unless God builds the house and guards the city, the builders and watchmen labor and watch in vain. And no amount of anxiety or sleeplessness can make up for this. We must have God’s blessing on our houses and cities and nations. And the psalm says that one of the principle means by which God does this is through the inheritance of children. Children are arrows in the hands of a warrior; they will stand with their fathers in the city gates.

Children are these weapons in our hands as they are received by covenantal faith in the promises of God. This faith is expressed by Joshua’s ancient confession of faith: “As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord” (Josh. 24:15). But this is not a mere intellectual ascent. This is a living faith that believes and acts, trusts and obeys, takes responsibility and hustles in the right direction, looking to your Father for blessing.

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Forgiven Families (The Well-Pleased Father #4) (King’s Cross)

Lindsey Gardner on

Introduction

The oil of gladness that keeps the engine of fellowship running smoothly is forgiveness. The forgiveness of God in Christ is what motivates the forgiveness we extent to one another, as well as all the kindness and compassion.

Scripture is abundantly clear that those who call themselves Christians who will not forgive those who have wronged them, cannot be forgiven by God (e.g. Mt. 23ff). We pray this regularly: “forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.” This is not a “works righteousness,” as though we are trying to earn God’s forgiveness. It is rather the natural overflow of receiving God’s complete forgiveness.

The Text: “… Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and evil speaking, be put away from you, with all malice: And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ’s sake hath forgiven you” (Eph. 4:29-32).

 

Summary of the Text

Going back to the creation of the world, words (and therefore attitudes) are powerful: God created the universe with His Word, and since people are made in the image of God, our words and thoughts have the power to build up or tear down (Eph. 4:29). The Spirit hovered over creation in the beginning and filled the builders and craftsmen of the tabernacle (e.g. Ex. 31:3ff), and ungracious speech grieves Him (Eph. 4:30). Corrupt and destructive words flow out of bitterness, wrath, and anger (Eph. 4:31). Our ministry of grace and edification is to be full of kindness, compassion, and forgiveness, all because the Father has forgiven us (Eph. 4:32). Just as the Father is building His Church into a temple by His Spirit, the Spirit is working in and through His people to build generational families that reflect His glory.

 

As You Have Been Forgiven

How does the Father forgive His people?

“As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LORD pitieth them that fear him” (Ps. 103:12-13).

“I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake, and will not remember thy sins” (Is. 43:25).

“Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? He retaineth not his anger forever, because he delighteth in mercy. He will turn again, He will have compassion upon us; He will subdue our iniquities; and Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea” (Mic. 7:18-19).

“In whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace” (Eph. 1:7).

“To Him give all the prophets witness, that through His name whosoever believeth in Him shall receive remission of sins” (Acts 10:43).

“If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness” (1 Jn. 1:9).

 

Forgiveness is a Promise

Forgiveness is a promise not a feeling. This is the basis of God’s forgiveness: His covenant promises of forgiveness are sealed in the blood of Jesus. If you wait until you feel like forgiving, you are making your feelings the standard and bitterness can often develop. But all human forgiveness is simply agreeing that the blood of Jesus was shed for that sin and promising to consider it paid for.

This is why it is important to confess your sins to God first and receive His forgiveness before going to your neighbor. Your neighbor is not actually taking away your sin (only God can do that). Sometimes a confession is trying to get out of a mere human what only God can do. This is the difference between “getting something off your chest” and reconciliation.

This is also why it is a high-handed blasphemy to refuse to forgive your neighbor; it is insisting that the blood of Jesus is not good enough.

In a healthy family, the words “please forgive me” should be relatively common to hear, followed quickly by the promise: “I forgive you.” And Jesus insists that we must forgive seventy times seven for the same offense (Mt. 18:21-22). This is part of being compassionate and tender-hearted. If you are honest with your own heart, you know the way sin and evil creeps in. You know how much you have been forgiven. As Jesus says, whoever is forgiven little will love very little, but whoever knows they have been forgiven much, will love much (Lk. 7:47).

And wherever forgiveness has not yet been asked for, you ought to have forgiveness waiting and ready for them. As far as it depends upon you, there should be grace in your hearts.

 

Applications

Generational Grace: “Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation” (Ex. 34:7).

One of the ways we need to practice generational mercy is upstream as well as downstream. This means parents need to make sure they are not harboring any bitterness or resentment toward their own parents or anyone. As you forgive those who have sinned against you, you are passing down mercy rather than guilt to your own children and grandchildren.

Practice Restoration: Love keeps no record of wrongs (1 Cor. 13:5). This is what we call “keeping short accounts.” As soon as sin happens, we want to be dealing with it as quickly as it happened (just like other spills and messes). Don’t let dark clouds hover over your kids (e.g. time outs, grounding, etc.). When discipline has occurred, make sure sin is confessed, forgiveness is extended, and fellowship is fully restored.

Sometimes you’ve practiced bitterness (or guilt), and those thoughts and feelings keep coming back. So have your gospel tennis racket ready to bat them away: Christ died for that. And in place of those old thoughts and words, put on gratitude, compassion, and kindness. Whatever is true, honorable, just, pure, lovely… meditate on those things, with the smiling pleasure of your Father at the center of all of it.

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Joyful Covenant Children (KC)

Grace Sensing on

INTRODUCTION

As we look around the room each Lord’s Day, we can see that many of us are in the thick of it when it comes to raising children. This is not simply an optical illusion; back in January, we ran a report and discovered that 37% of our congregation is under the age of 11, and nearly half are under the age of 18. Therefore, it is good to keep returning to the important topic of childrearing from time to time, for as the Apostle Paul wrote, it is no trouble for him to repeat himself, and it is good for you (Phil. 3:1). 

THE TEXT

Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment with promise: 3 “that it may be well with you and you may live long on the earth.”

4 And you, fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord (Ephesians 6:1–4 NKJV). 

CHILDREN, OBEY YOUR PARENTS IN THE LORD (V. 1)

Note that the Apostle Paul writes directly to the children—he expects their active participation in hearing his words read aloud in the congregation. He also writes that their obedience is done “in the Lord.” Children of believing parents are members of God’s covenant community, united to Christ. 

THAT IT MAY BE WELL WITH YOU (VV. 2–3)

God’s commandments are for our good. They are not arbitrary but rather are set in place so that we may thrive in the world He has created. Children should know that God has promised great blessings to those who obey their parents. And parents should never forget the purpose or end of all our discipline and training—that our children would genuinely love and have great joy in the Lord all the days of their lives. 

FATHERS, DO NOT PROVOKE YOUR CHILDREN (V. 4)

Just as children have a duty to obey their parents, parents—especially fathers—have a duty to help them obey and keep them from resentment or bitterness. As the Apostle Paul writes to the Colossians, “Fathers, do not provoke your children, lest they become discouraged” (3:21). 

This means that fathers should not be overly strict, harsh, stern, or overbearing. You must remember their frames. But this is not the only way to provoke your children. Passive fathers, who exercise very little discipline (or inconsistent discipline) frustrate children as well. This approach likewise creates homes that are filled with anxiety and unhappiness. 

CONCLUSION

We want our congregation to be filled with families with children who are both obedient and full of genuine joy. But the only way to accomplish this great goal is for children and parents to do their part. 

Children, you are to obey your parents in all things, and as you do so, know that you are pleasing God, and He promises it is for your good. 

Parents, you must do the hard work of cultivating your children’s lives and faith. You must endeavor to know them individually and prune them with great tenderness. You should see to it that they are planted in healthy soil, full of happiness and joy. And all of this must be done in faith, trusting the Lord. It is only then that we can expect to reap a great harvest, from generation to generation.

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