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What is Covenant? (Advent #3) (CC Downtown)

Christ Church on December 20, 2024

INTRODUCTION

In selecting your gifts, one motivation you’ve probably found is the joy of giving a gift that is entirely unforgettable. Various holiday traditions are all aimed at creating joyful memories. You aim to make the sort of memories that will be recalled for years to come. Done rightly, these recollections reinforce the ties of loyalty within a family. In this expression of covenant love, we see a faint echo of the steadfast love of God for His people.

THE TEXT

And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying, Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people, And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began: That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us; To perform the mercy promised to our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant; The oath which he sware to our father Abraham, That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear, In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.    ~Luke 1:67-75

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

Having been struck dumb due to his unbelief, Zacharias’ breaks forth in a prophetic hymn of praise (v67). He blesses God for visiting and redeeming His people (v68). The word visited is misleading to English ears, because it makes us think of an informal meeting. But biblical usage marks a more formal accounting or reckoning. God comes to gather up His wandering flock, and not leave one behind. When God visits His people, He does so for their redemption (examples). This redemption comes through raising up the Davidic horn (v69). This salvation was prophesied from the beginning by the holy prophets (v70-71). Furthermore, this deliverance from evil is only part of the splendor which this visitation of Jehovah’s Davidic horn of Salvation would bring about. The coming of the Messiah was also how God would make good on His ancient promise of mercy to His people, and how He would fulfill all of covenantal duties He had bound Himself to perform (v72). As he beholds the great drama unfolding around him, Zacharias declares it to be the fulfillment of God’s oath to Abraham (v73).

This oath of God promised two things. First, deliverance from evil. Secondly, true service unto God. Service with fearless faces. Service that is done in true holiness and righteousness. Service unto God for all our days (vv74-75). The Advent of Christ is described as God’s remembrance of His oath to not only rescue His people like a sheep out of the lion’s jaw, but to restore them to the glory of true servants of the Living God.

THE PROBLEM CHRISTMAS SOLVES

Christmas answers an ancient problem. How can the divine deal with the material world?  Do the deities even want to have anything to do with us mere mortals? Is this physical world, as many of the ancient pagans surmised, the junk drawer of the cosmos, while the deities reside in a spiritual realm untainted and unchained by the mortal bodies?

These words of Zacharias resound with a clear answer: the Almighty God was not impersonal. The old priest of Israel declares that God remembered. In these events, God was visiting His people. But His coming was not like the Arabic jinns, or Nordic fairies, or Greek godlings; merely to cause some mischief, or indulge in carnal amusements, or to knock some fear into those uppity mortals. He was not sitting in some upper sphere of the cosmos, simply contemplating ways to cause mischief for mortals in order to amuse Himself. He was not bored by the plight of humans. He was not indifferent. No. The God of Israel had come to visit Israel because He had bound Himself in covenant to Israel. It is described as a remembrance of His covenant duty.

WHEN GOD REMEMBERS

The heavens and earth were framed by the will and Word of God. He took the dark nothing and cut it apart with the brilliant glory of His Word of light. He laid hold of a watery world, and cut it into land and sea and sky. He grasped that glory light in His hand and formed sun, moon, and stars to rule over and provide instruction to the earthly inhabitants. Eventually, He took dust and breathed life into it, turning it into an image of Himself. That man was placed in a garden to rule over and provide instruction to all his descendants and the creatures under him.

God is not one amidst all the many creatures and beings within the Cosmos. He is the Being from which all other being comes from. Therefore, the fact of creation is a fact of God’s graciousness. But how can this Being who is thrice holy, who is unlike His Creation, make Himself intelligible to His creation? We can comprehend contracts and oaths between relative equals. But can seraphim strike up a business deal with amoebas? But seraphim are more akin to amoebas than they are to Jehovah. Solomon asked, “Would God, whom the heavens cannot contain, be pleased to dwell in a temple which the calloused hands of finite humans built?”

Contrary to both ancient and modern pagan thinking, God is not a mere life-force of the universe. He is Personal. He exists in triune delight between Father, Son, and Spirit. He is distinct from that which His hand has made, but He is not disinterested in it. The way which the wisdom of God ordained to bring about this fellowship between Himself and His creation was through covenant.

This was no covenant, however, between relative equals. The chasm between God and man, Creator and creature, is so vast that the only way for it to be crossed is if God does by means of a gracious covenant. The story of the OT is that of God cutting a covenant with man, man wandering from the duties of that covenant, but God remembering and renewing His covenant with man over and over again. So, Zacharias frames the Advent events rightly. Christ’s advent is God remembering. The covenant people had forgotten and perceived that God had forgotten, but God cannot lie.

GOD WHO CANNOT LIE

As the book of Hebrews tells us: “Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath: That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us (Heb 6:17-18).” God had promised Adam that the entire earth would be his, incumbent on His obedience to the terms of the covenant (Cf. WCF Chapter VII)

Due to his sin, Adam was told he would return to the dust in death. Rather than ruling over the earth, man’s doom was descent into the earth’s dust. Here then is the glory of Christmas. Christ became the first human born who would not return into dust. Rather, He would live, die, rise again, and go on to rule over the earth for everlasting days. In all of this He is now able to fulfill the Father’s promises to bless the meek with an inheritance of the earth itself (Ps. 37:11).

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What is Man? (Advent #2) (CC Downtown)

Christ Church on December 20, 2024

PSALM 8

1 O Lord, our Lord,

How excellent is Your name in all the earth,

Who have set Your glory above the heavens!

2 Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants

You have ordained strength,

Because of Your enemies,

That You may silence the enemy and the avenger.

3 When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers,

The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,

4 What is man that You are mindful of him,

And the son of man that You visit him?

5 For You have made him a little lower than the angels,

And You have crowned him with glory and honor.

6 You have made him to have dominion over the works of Your hands;

You have put all things under his feet,

7 All sheep and oxen—

Even the beasts of the field,

8 The birds of the air,

And the fish of the sea

That pass through the paths of the seas.

9 O Lord, our Lord,

How excellent is Your name in all the earth!

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On the Incarnation (Advent #1) (CC Downtown)

Christ Church on December 20, 2024

BIRTH OF JESUS FORETOLD

26 In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth, 27 to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. And the virgin’s name was Mary. 28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, O favored one, the Lord is with you!” 29 But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and tried to discern what sort of greeting this might be. 30 And the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31 And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, 33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.”

34 And Mary said to the angel, “How will this be, since I am a virgin?”

35 And the angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God. 36 And behold, your relative Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a son, and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren. 37 For nothing will be impossible with God.” 38 And Mary said, “Behold, I am the servant of the Lord; let it be to me according to your word.” And the angel departed from her.

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The Rot of Ingratitude (Politics in the Pulpit #4) (CC Downtown)

Christ Church on December 20, 2024

INTRODUCTION

When things go wrong we tend to want to find out why. What was the cause? In looking at our nation we must grapple with how we have come to a place where God-honoring laws have been replaced by God-defying laws. Instead of our civil magistrates calling for humbling ourselves and commending us to fast and pray, they call for celebrations of debauchery and pride. As Christians, we need to understand the rot in the middle, and faithfully address it in our own hearts and homes.

THE TEXT

For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. Romans 1:18-23

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

In Paul’s introduction to his defense of the Gospel, he begins by asserting that God’s wrath is bearing down upon unrighteous men. The thing about truth is that you cannot be indifferent to it. There truth is right there in your hands, and you either treasure it or attempt to push it away. But where can you push it away where it won’t still haunt you? You can’t find a single place to hide from the blazing glory of the presence of the Living God (vv18-19). This is because the invisible God has revealed His nature through the creation of the world; the revelation includes two things: God’s power and His Godhead (v20). To put it another way, nature reveals His works and Himself. Creation reveals the power of its Creator.

This revelation of God unto man through creation leaves mankind with no hideout, no room for evasions or excuses (v20). They are without excuse because they knew God, and responded in two ways: they refused to glorify Him, and weren’t grateful to Him. Instead they opted to chase after impossibilities, and thus their dark hearts got darker (v21). This course led them to think themselves wise, yet in reality they became the poster-children of folly (v22). This was made evident by their worship of bird, beast, and sensual indulgence (vv23-24).

ENVY & DEBT

Our culture is saturated by a greasy rain of ingratitudes. Almost all of the government programs and spendings are founded upon the premise that we can rectify all varieties of inequities (both real or perceived) if we spend enough money on it. This has driven us to turn away from a sound understanding of wealth, to a system that is smoke and mirrors, wheels and widgets. Biblically speaking, wealth is the accumulation of the produce of diligent labor. Our fiscal policy operates on the principle that money printers go brrr. Largely, this is because we have built our current economy on debt instead of work.

Debt is not evil in all cases (Cf. Deu. 28:12). However, Scripture prohibits knowingly giving out loans to those who have no capacity to repay (Ex. 22:25). It warns that debt can lead to enslavement (Pro. 22:7). In fact, Jesus exhorts us to lend (Lk. 6:35), and there is an implication that any profit from such a loan should be gratefully passed along to the lender. But what it certainly does not commend whether private or publicly is a radical addiction to debt as the means of paying for everything. All debt is, in some sense, a fiddling with the future. Which of course can lead us away from faithful trust in God for our provision, and a faithless indulgence of all our current desires while punting the responsibility down the road.

Currently, our national debt is at $36 trillion, which equates to $104k per citizen. Much of this debt has resulted from spending on programs which are fueled by envy and ingratitude. One school outperforms another, and the government decides that rather than figuring out why this is the case, they opt to spend more on the underperforming school. More administrators and iPads will do the trick, right? This rot appears in how we fund our foreign policy, in LGBT ideology, climate change dogma, and in almost every program and department the government invents.

We don’t like our bodies, so we carve them up with government subsidies. We don’t like the mushy brains coming out of our schools, so we demand millions more in funding. We view the planet as a place to be survived instead of subdued, and so we insist on curtailing genuine wealth creation in order to stop climate disasters when it is wealth which has enabled us to actually better weather storms.

TIME AND DISCONTENT 

All of this grows out of discontented hearts. And discontent is a spiritual problem. Behind all the madness is a simple fact: we have denied the God who made us and failed to submit to Him in gratitude. If the church would faithfully battle all the madness in the midst of this season of political opportunity it will flow from grateful hearts.

This leads back to an important principle which our older brothers, the New England Puritans, were exemplars of. Standing on the shoulders of Calvin’s emphasis on God’s sovereignty over all things and near presence by the Spirit of Christ, they sought to live so as to redeem the time. God has given you that breath, so turn a profit on it. God gift-wrapped that heartbeat, so invest it in things that are true, good, and beautiful. God providentially handed you that tick of the second hand, do not throw it away. The Calvinist work ethic can be summarized: be thrifty, and work hard.

This disposition is a wonderful cure for the anxiety, envy, discontent, and ingratitude that drives so much of the political and cultural madness. You are here for a moment. You get a few trips around the sun. Your lifespan is about 8 or 9 decades. So give thanks and get to work. That is why faithful worship of the Living God is a battering ram against the gates of hell. Ingratitude leads to the vapor dreams of idolatry. It leads to chasing after sexual satisfaction where it can never be found. It leads to worshipping beasts, and becoming like the beasts. Whereas true service to God, expressed in grateful praise, leads to prosperity both in this life and the next.

A CULTURE WAR

So, the duty of the church remains unchanged. We are engaged in an all out culture war. Here is the fountainhead of culture: worship God. Prepare yourself each week to meet with the Living God here. From here, worship God in your home and workplace. Our nation has grown poor both fiscally and spiritually because of slack hands: He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of the diligent maketh rich (Pro 10:4). Don’t let in fretting about evildoers. Don’t give way to the perversions of our culture. Don’t grow apathetic. Here is the Word of Christ. Here is Bread. Here is Wine. Receive these potent graces by faith, and then go bake and build. Teach and be taught. Plow and laugh. Give and receive gifts. You live in the Light of the Living God, so do not fear the darkness.

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The Justice and Faith of Joseph (Advent #3) (King’s Cross Church)

Christ Church on December 18, 2024

INTRODUCTION

Our culture has descended into such sexual debauchery, it is sometimes difficult for us to understand the intense trial that Joseph faced in the unexpected pregnancy of his betrothed wife. It was a scandalous betrayal with potentially massive repercussions for his reputation and livelihood, but like his ancient namesake, he was patient and judicious, and God blessed him immensely, leaving us a faithful example to follow.

The Text: “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost…” (Mt. 1:18-25).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

Betrothal was a legally binding contract in the ancient world that required a divorce to break, but it was still prior to the marriage consummation. So when Mary was found pregnant, Joseph, being a just man, determined to divorce Mary but to do so quietly in order to minimize her punishment and shame (Mt. 1:18-19). It was while he was carefully contemplating this action that the angel of the Lord appeared to him and informed him that Mary’s story was true, and the son she was carrying was the Messiah, to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah (Mt. 1:20-23). So, at great risk to his own livelihood and reputation, Joseph obeyed the Lord and went through with the marriage, but did not consummate the marriage until after she had given birth, and indicated his wholehearted, obedient faith by naming his adopted son Jesus (Mt. 1:24-25).

THE LAW OF BETROTHED VIRGINS

In the law, it was required that a woman present herself honestly to a potential husband, and if she was presented as a virgin, but later found to have not been, her husband was free to divorce her and she could be liable to the death penalty (Dt. 24:1, 22:20-21). This is because marriage is the building block of all human society: if there is not honesty and loyalty there, you will not have it anywhere. This is why adultery also carried a possible death penalty, as might a betrothed woman sleeping with another man, if she did not “cry out” to indicate her unwillingness (Dt. 22:23).

In this case, Scripture says that Joseph was a “just man,” which means that he was aware of the law of God and committed to obeying it. When Mary came to him pregnant, perhaps trying to explain that it wasn’t what it looked like, Joseph would likely have believed that Mary had in fact slept with another man. By being inclined to divorce Mary quietly, he was choosing the minimum penalty, not charging her publicly with the crime that it appeared she had committed. While it doesn’t appear that the Jews were ordinarily allowed to enforce death penalties under Roman rule (Jn. 18:31, although Acts 7), there would at least have been severe social and religious repercussions, affecting livelihoods (e.g. Dt. 22:21, Jn. 8).

WHILE HE THOUGHT ON THESE THINGS

The justice of Joseph is also illustrated in his immediate response to these things. He is thoughtful and gracious to a woman who has apparently betrayed him and brought massive scandal upon him. In the ancient world, a betrothal was a legally binding contract because there was often a great deal of business that needed to be completed as part of a marriage: lands or houses sold or purchased, major vocational and economic matters settled, etc.

It’s likely that Joseph was not only tempted to be broken hearted, but he may have been in a position to lose a lot financially and vocationally. And if he only divorced her quietly, without publicly charging her with adultery, then he would have still taken a loss. In the face of a massive disappointment, crisis, and potential public scandal, Joseph was thoughtful (Mt. 1:20). He didn’t fly off the handle or blow up. He didn’t make a snap or rash decision.

You might be wondering why he wasn’t considering just marrying Mary. It’s likely that wasn’t a good option because A. He had no idea who the father was and what kind of scandal or trouble that would bring and B. If it was obvious that the baby wasn’t his, it could appear to some that he had actually prostituted his wife, potentially bringing even more shame and scandal on both of them and their families and their people.

While he thought on these things, inclined to divorce his “adulterous” betrothed wife quietly, he received a word from the angel of the Lord in a dream (Mt. 1:20). And the word he received was not exactly the kind of word that made everything better. It certainly exonerated Mary from any crime, but all the same potential scandal and reputational matters remained. It wasn’t exactly a story that would be helpful to most people, at least initially. Which is why the angel’s primary command is: “fear not.” The assignment was not really easier, but it was clear.

APPLICATIONS

God does not ordinarily send messages by angels in dreams. But notice that if He does, He will speak clearly. God does not “chirp and mutter” like pagan wizards (Is. 8:19). “To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them” (Is. 8:20). And Jesus is a greater Word than all the angels (Heb. 1). The Word of God is a lamp for our feet and light to our path. The law of God tells us what to do.

Joseph was a just man, and a model for this obedience. In a world blown about by suspicions, accusations, manipulation, hurt, rage, and real betrayal, imitate the thoughtful obedience of Joseph. The assignment may not be easy, but Scripture is clear. Be patient, kind, forgiving, and just. Be faithful to your marriage vows; honor the marriage bed; love purity. And if something immoral has happened, “cry out” (Dt. 22:23-27).

The First Christmas was a real scandal, a trial, a massive interruption in the plans of Joseph and Mary. It wasn’t like anyone expected, and it did not come like a gentle sunrise. It came more like a storm. We face interruptions and major disappointments too. And the temptations to anger and fear are significant. But those are the responses of idolatry. They assume that God is not in control, and they assume that your anger and fear are up to the challenge. But you are a lousy god, and your anger and fear only make things worse. When you are tempted in these ways, consider praying the Lord’s Prayer: meditate on the fact that you have a faithful Father in Heaven: honor Him and His Kingdom and His will and His provision and His grace.

And you can do this because Jesus was born to save His people from their sins.

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