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God’s Character & Covenant (Christ Church)
Christ Church on June 19, 2025
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The Things of Earth

Lindsey Gardner on

As we enter the holiday season, we ought to take a moment to explore the foundation for our love for God and our enjoyment of this world. Many Christians feel a tension precisely at this point. They ask themselves: “How does a single-minded, whole-hearted pursuit of God and Christ fit with a real and deep enjoyment of created things?

Here are some diagnostic questions:

  1. Do you feel a low-grade sense of guilt because you enjoy legitimate earthly pleasures?
  2. Do you ever have a vague sense that you’re not enjoying God “enough” (whatever that means) or that you’re enjoying his gifts “too much” (whatever that means)?
  3. Do you have the sense that as you progress in holiness, your joy in things of earth ought to diminish because you are becoming increasingly satisfied with God alone?

Where does this tension come from? Think with me about the following Scripture passages. Everything is rubbish compared to Christ (Phil. 3:7-8). Don’t set your affections on things below (Col 3:1-2). Desire nothing besides God (Psalm 73:25).

On the other hand: Everything created by God, and nothing is to be rejected (1 Timothy 4:4). Every good and perfect gift is from above (James 1:17). And in our passage, God richly provides us with everything to enjoy (1 Tim. 6:17).

So which is it: Only desire God? Or enjoy everything God richly provides? Count everything as rubbish? Or receive everything with thanksgiving? Set your mind on things above? Or enjoy the good and perfect gifts that have come down from above? That’s the tension.

 

1 TIMOTHY 6:17-19

As for the rich in this present age, charge them not to be haughty, nor to set their hopes on the uncertainty of riches, but on God, who richly provides us with everything to enjoy. They are to do good, to be rich in good works, to be generous and ready to share, thus storing up treasure for themselves as a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life.

Paul gives three exhortations in this passage. First, don’t be haughty. It’s easy for the rich to boast in their riches. Riches easily feed pride. Second, don’t set your hope on the uncertainty of riches. It’s easy for wealthy people to think that their strength comes from their wealth and not from Christ. “I can do all things through wealth which strengthens me.” It’s easy to forget Paul’s words earlier in the chapter (1 Tim. 6:6-10). Third, set your hope on God. He’s not uncertain. Moth and rust don’t destroy him; thieves cannot steal him from you. You can take God with you out of this world. He will never leave you nor forsake you.

And then, Paul surprises us. He reminds the rich that God “richly provides us with everything to enjoy.” That’s not what I would expect Paul to say to the rich. Paul tells us, “Remember rich people, God has given you your wealth so that you would enjoy it.” And so the question becomes: how do you enjoy everything that God richly provides without setting your hope on the uncertainty of riches?

 

TWO APPROACHES

I want to suggest that Paul here is giving us two complementary ways of viewing God’s relationship to his gifts. The first is a comparative approach, in which God and his gifts are separated and set next to each other to determine which is more valuable. Put God on one side of the scales, and his gifts (your wealth) on the other side, and ask, “Which one will I hope in?” And if you’re a faithful Christian, there’s only one answer. “There is nothing I desire beside you.”

The second I call the integrated approach, in which God and his gifts are enjoyed together. When we set our hope on God, we are free to love creation as creation (as gift, and not as God). God’s gifts become avenues for enjoying him, beams of glory that we chase back to the source. In the words of Charles Simeon, we “enjoy God in everything and everything in God.”.

My son, eat honey, for it is good, and the drippings of the honeycomb are sweet to your taste. Know that wisdom is such to your soul; if you find it there will be a future, and your hope will not be cut off. (Proverbs 24:13-14)

The sweetness of honey points beyond itself to the wisdom of God. Our souls have taste buds, just like our tongues, and we can train the soul-buds by exercising the tongue-buds. And this means that we can’t short-circuit the enjoyment of the honey. Neither can you stop with simply enjoying honey. First, enjoy the honey. Taste it; it’s good. And then, press beyond honey to the God who stands behind it.

So then how do we relate these two approaches to each other? My suggestion is that we should seek to live integrated lives (Enjoying God in everything and enjoying everything in God) and we use the comparative separation as a test to ensure that our integration hasn’t become idolatry.

 

TESTING OUR JOY THROUGH SELF-DENIAL

How then do we test our enjoyment of God’s rich provision? We could talk about suffering, and the way that our sovereign God sends both good gifts and hard providences to test whether we treasure him above all his gifts. But I want to talk about the voluntary ways that we test ourselves: self-denial and generosity.

There is an unavoidable strain of asceticism in the Scriptures–Jesus insisting that every one of his disciples deny himself, take up his cross and follow him. This self-denial, such as fasting, serves our joy in God. We temporarily abstain from food in order to increase our physical hunger as a way of confessing to God, “This is how much I want you.” Self-denial serves our joy in God by reminding us that Jesus is better. But self-denial and self-restraint also serves our joy in the gifts themselves. Joy in God’s gifts depends in part on what C. S. Lewis calls resisting the impulse of Encore, that itch to overly indulge our earthly appetites and to have things over again and again and again.

Biblical self-denial puts the lust for Encore to death. By restraining our earthly appetites, we make space for the distinct pleasures of anticipation and memory. Whether we’re talking about a child eagerly awaiting Christmas morning or a married couple planning an anniversary trip, we all know that looking forward to some great event is itself pleasurable. And memories of past joys have a way of growing and maturing and sweetening with time. Again, as Lewis reminds us, a pleasure is only full grown when it is remembered. Resisting Encore makes it possible for us to fully enjoy God’s gifts through anticipation, through enjoyment, and through memory.

 

TESTING OUR JOY THROUGH GENEROSITY

1 Timothy 6 tells us that God richly provides us with everything, and he has purposes for his provision. There are four purposes: 1) to enjoy, 2) to do good, 3) to be rich in good works, and 4) to be generous and ready to share. So how do you test whether you’re enjoying God’s gifts rightly? By your generosity. If wealth comes to you and you’re enjoying it, but it’s not spilling the banks and flooding the lives of others, then something is wrong in your soul.

Gifts are given for our enjoyment, and gifts are given for God’s mission. Every good and perfect gift comes down from above, from the Father of lights. We receive the gift. We enjoy it with thanksgiving, acknowledging that God is the one who gives it to us. This thanksgiving spills over into worship, since we know that as good as the gift is, it’s just a taste of his goodness. And then satisfied with God and enjoying his provision, our lives becomes a tidal wave of generosity—eager to do good, on the lookout for needs and ready with open-handed and big-hearted generosity. Our goal is this—we want to be as generous with others as God has been with us. We want to freely receive—because he richly provides us with everything to enjoy—and therefore freely give—because he richly provides us with everything to share.

Now I can’t tell you precisely how much to give. The Old Testament required a tithe. The rich young ruler was called to sell everything (Luke 18:22). When Zacchaeus was saved, he gave half his goods to the poor (Luke 19:8). Barnabas sold a field and put the money at the feet of the apostles (Acts 4:37). The poor widow put two pennies in the offering box and was commended by Jesus (Luke 21:1–3). The amount varies, but the commitment to use our resources to meet the needs of others is the same.

And doing good and being rich in good works and being generous and ready to share isn’t just about money. Be generous with your time and your efforts and your talents and your skills. Be creative in how you think about what God has given you and how your life can be poured out for the sake of others.

And when you do this, when you set your hope on God, and you enjoy what he richly provides, and you share what he richly provides, you are storing up treasure for yourself. You save up and you gladly spend it. You store it up and you pour it out. This is the true life; this is the true foundation for the future, the true foundation of everlasting joy.

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Trials and Temptations

Lindsey Gardner on

SERMON TEXT

James 1:12 Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him. 13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am being tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted with evil, and he himself tempts no one. 14 But each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire. 15 Then desire when it has conceived gives birth to sin, and sin when it is fully grown brings forth death. 16 Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers. 17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change.

INTRODUCTION

Many churches struggle to rightly emphasize practical help in living the Christian life and theological depth in understanding the character and works of God. Some churches major on practical help in living the Christian life and minimize theological depth. Other churches major on theological depth and minimize practical, how-to Christian living.

If we were to place James in one of these categories, I suspect we’d put him in the practical category. The book has over 50 imperatives in 108 verses. James is constantly telling us what to do and not do. But one of my aims this morning is to show you how James brings together the practical bent with complex explanations of God and his relation to the world and to us.

 

FROM TRIALS TO TEMPTATIONS

In chapter 1, James teaches that Christians should expect trials and own their pain while counting them all joy (1:2), and that God does his most important work in us through trials. Trials test our faith and produce steadfastness, leading to maturity (1:3-4). God grows us up into full and complete people through various trials, and promises a reward—a crown of life—if we endure through trials (1:12). We believe that God uses trials, even that God ordains trials for good and wise purposes, and promises to compensate us in the next life for the suffering and hardship that we endure in this one. The Westminster Confession testifies to this big God theology:

God from all eternity, did, by the most wise and holy counsel of His own will, freely, and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass; (Westminster)

“Whatsoever comes to pass.” All things, including trials, hardships, sufferings, are ordained by God for his glory and our joy. But this creates a danger, a potential deception, namely, that if we believe that God ordains trials, we must believe that God tempts us to evil.

This misunderstanding is enhanced by the fact that in Greek, the word for trial and for temptation is the same (1:2, 1:12, 1:13-14). James is telling us that this is not simple. Yes, God sends trials to test our faith and mature us. No, God does not tempt you to do evil. We need new categories; otherwise, we’ll be deceived.

So what are these new categories? I find one key in comparing 1:13 to 1:17. The key for James here is that, while all things are from God, all things are not from God in the same way. We could say it like this: Good things are from God directly. Bad things, hard things, evil things (like trials and temptations) are from him indirectly. Or, God is the source, origin, and author of good things, because he is good; he is not the source, origin, and author of evil things in the same way, because he’s not evil or tempted to evil.

We can grasp this better by thinking about the phrase “Father of lights.” Think with me about sun. Both light and darkness are “from the sun.” But they are not from the sun in the same way. The sun causes light by its presence; light comes from it directly. The sun causes darkness by its absence; darkness comes from it indirectly.

So also with God as the source of good things and hard things. Light and darkness, well-being and calamity (or evil) come from God. God sends both good things, and he sends hardships and trials. But he is not the source of them in the same way. God gives good things directly; he sends trials indirectly. And this is important to James, lest we be deceived, and in our deception, be unable to endure trials faithfully and receive gifts gladly.

 

PRACTICAL HELP IN OUR VISION OF GOD

How does that clarity—that avoidance of deception and error—help us to live? What happens if you flatten out those distinctions or deny one side of the truth? You might deny that God sends trials to produce maturity in us. You might say that he doesn’t have anything to do with hardships, pains, sufferings. And so you face them believing that they are ultimately meaningless, that your pain is pointless, that God is powerless to help you. And so in the midst of trials, you despair.

But let’s say that you believe that God sends trials, but you flatten out that distinction. On the one hand, you’ll try to deceive yourself into thinking that hard, painful things are good in themselves. You think that faithfulness means pretending hard things aren’t hard. Another possibility is that in the trial, you’ll start to blame God. You’ll say, “God has sent this trial to test my faith. Therefore, if I fail, he is to blame.”

Another possibility is that you’ll view God as a cruel sadist, as someone who delights in your pain. And therefore, you won’t run to him in your pain. You won’t rely on his strength and compassion to endure the trial; you’ll try to rely on your own (because that’s all you have) and you won’t make it for long.

But this deception won’t simply affect your experience of hardships. It will affect the good things in your life as well. God is kind and blesses you. But because you believe that he sends trials, you can’t really enjoy the goodness, because you’re terrified that “Behind a smiling providence, he hides a malicious face.” The goodness you have now is just God fattening you for the slaughter. This is what the gods of the ancient religions were like. As one person said, “We are their bubbles. They blow us big before they prick us.”

The result is that your view of God is constantly distorted. In hard times, he is a cruel sadist. In good times, he is a trickster waiting to spring his trap. It’s impossible to live the Christian life under such distortions and deceptions. And so James is adamant that good gifts come down from a loving Father, and there is no shadow of turning with him. He’s not playing a trick on you. Good gifts are from him and designed to lead you back to him, and hard painful things are not from him directly but are instead designed to produce steadfast faith and maturity.

 

PRACTICAL HELP IN RESISTING TEMPTATION AND FIGHTING SIN

So if temptation doesn’t come from God directly, where does it come from? James describes the process of sin and temptation in terms of four stages.

Stage 1: God gives good gifts, which we desire to enjoy. Stage 2: Those desires go astray, and we begin to want things at times or in ways or in degrees that God has forbidden. Desire is now enticing and luring us away from God and toward evil. Stage 3: Desire conceives and gives birth to Sin. We pass from temptation to concrete, deliberate, willful disobedience to God. Stage 4: That willful disobedience grows and becomes stronger until it gives birth to spiritual death. We have hardened our hearts.

Desire and Temptation are not the same. Temptation and sin are not the same. Sin and death are not the same. These distinctions have practical, real-world effects.

Here’s one: this process of temptation and sin shows us the danger of little sins. We want to play with the lures, dabble in fantasies, nurse small grievances. We think, because the sins seem so small in comparison to some, that it’s no big deal. Until it is a big deal.

Here’s another: if we fail to distinguish godly desire for God’s gifts from enticing desire and allurement, then we’ll treat the gifts of God like idol traps. He gives us good things, and we view them with suspicion and hostility because he’s dangling temptations in front of us. Or we feel guilt because we want something other than God.

Here’s another: if we fail to distinguish temptation from deliberate sin, then every experience of temptation brings the full weight of condemnation down on our head. We develop a hypersensitive and false conscience.

Here’s another: if we fail to distinguish deliberate sin from its consequences in spiritual death, then we won’t believe that the gospel is for us. If we knowingly and willfully disobey God, we’ll think that we’ve gone too far, we’ve out-sinned his grace, and we’re doomed. But the reality is that in this life, we’re never doomed. There’s always a way back. The gospel is always good news. You may have been a prodigal. You may have willfully despised your Father and spent the good and perfect inheritance that he gave you on your own sinful pleasures. But it’s never wrong to be the prodigal coming home. You can still come home.

 

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Compassion and Its Counterfeits

Grace Sensing on

THE TEXT

12 Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, 13 bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive. 14 And above all these put on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony. (Colossians 3:12-14)

6 “If your brother, the son of your mother, or your son or your daughter or the wife you embrace or your friend who is as your own soul entices you secretly, saying, ‘Let us go and serve other gods,’ which neither you nor your fathers have known, 7 some of the gods of the peoples who are around you, whether near you or far off from you, from the one end of the earth to the other, 8 you shall not yield to him or listen to him, nor shall your eye pity him, nor shall you spare him, nor shall you conceal him. 9 But you shall kill him. Your hand shall be first against him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people. (Deuteronomy 13:6-9)

INTRODUCTION

These two passages display the complexity of the biblical witness on compassion. In the first, we are to clothe ourselves in compassion (literally: bowels of mercy), which leads us to bear with each other and forgive each other as love binds us all together. Elsewhere Paul “yearns for the Philippians with the affection of Christ” (Phil. 1:8). Affection and sympathy are bonding agents (Phil. 2:1), enabling us to be single-minded and in full accord. The Lord, who is compassionate and merciful, is our ultimate model for compassion, and he has given us the fathers and mothers as images of his compassion (Isa 49:15; 1 Kings 3; Psalm 103).

In the second, we are forbidden to show pity or compassion on those who would entice us to idolatry. Similar commands are given with respect to first degree murder and lying in court (Deuteronomy 7:16, 19:13, and 19:21). In such cases, God is adamant that “your eye shall not pity them.” And again, in doing so, we are to follow God as our model, who executes his judgment without pity or compassion (Jer. 13:14; Lam. 2:17; Ezek. 5:11; 7:4, 9; 8:18).

So how should we make sense of this?

DEFINING COMPASSION AND ITS VICES

The virtue of compassion (or sympathy) is habitual inclination to share the suffering and pain of the hurting which moves us to relieve their suffering and pursue their ultimate good. As Lewis writes, “Pity is meant to be a spur that drives joy to help misery.” The biblical imperative is to weep with those who weep, to clothe ourselves with “bowels of mercy,” to relieve suffering because, like Christ, we are “moved with compassion.”

Virtues go wrong through defect or excess; a defect of compassion is apathy, a callous refusal to identify with and share the pain and suffering of others. On the other hand, (untethered) empathy is an excess of compassion, when our identification and sharing of the emotions of others overwhelms our minds and sweeps us off our feet. Empathy loses sight of the ultimate good, both for ourselves and for the hurting.

And this is precisely our challenge. As Chesterton put it, “The modern world is full of the old Christian virtues gone mad. The virtues have gone mad because they have been isolated from each other and are wandering alone. Thus some scientists care for truth; and their truth is pitiless. Thus some humanitarians only care for pity; and their pity (I am sorry to say) is often untruthful.”

THE PASSION OF PITY

We live in a sentimental age, one that is drowning in a sea of feelings. And thus we are more susceptible to the manipulation of empathy. C.S. Lewis helps us to see ways that empathy or pity goes wrong. In The Great Divorce, Lewis describes the problems with the Passion of Pity. In the final interaction between Sarah Smith and her husband Frank, Sarah describes Frank’s besetting sin, the sin that he must turn away from if he is to be saved.

[Stop] using pity, other people’s pity, in the wrong way. We have all done it a bit on earth, you know. Pity was meant to be a spur that drives joy to help misery. But it can be used the wrong way round. It can be used for a kind of blackmailing. Those who choose misery can hold joy up to ransom, by pity.

You see, I know now. Even as a child you did it. Instead of saying you were sorry, you went and sulked in the attic . . . because you knew that sooner or later one of your sisters would say, “I can’t bear to think of him sitting up there alone, crying.” You used their pity to blackmail them, and they gave in in the end. And afterwards, when we were married . . . oh, it doesn’t matter, if only you will stop it. (131–132)

The passion of pity (or the sin of empathy) makes us vulnerable to emotional blackmail.

Emotional blackmail happens when a person equates his or her emotional pain with another person’s failure to love. They aren’t the same. A person may love well and the beloved still feel hurt. They may then use their felt pain to blackmail the lover into admitting guilt he or she does not have. Emotional blackmail says, “If I feel hurt by you, you are guilty.” There is no defense. The hurt person has become God. His emotion has become judge and jury. Truth does not matter. All that matters is the sovereign suffering of the aggrieved. (Piper)

Empathy, because it is myopic, can lead to great cruelty. “Even a good emotion, pity, if not controlled by charity and justice, leads through anger to cruelty. Most atrocities are stimulated by accounts of the enemy’s atrocities; and pity for the oppressed classes, when separated from the moral law as a whole, leads by a very natural process to the unremitting brutalities of a reign of terror” (Lewis). 

THE ANTIDOTE

So how should we live? First, we must repent of the Sulks. We must refuse to wield our afflictions (especially our minor afflictions) as tools of manipulation. It’s easy to magnify our inconveniences in order to elicit sympathy from those who love us, to make martyrs out of ourselves and send our loved ones on a guilt trip. The Sulks are not only a danger for children.

Second, we must refuse to wield the suffering of others in the same manner. Compassion is a great good, a spur to joy to help those who are suffering. But the line between spurring joy to help misery and using the misery of others to steer the merciful is not always easy to see. In their empathetic zeal, advocates can often overthrow other virtues, such as honesty and justice, in their zeal to help the hurting.

Third, we must be aware of the link between feminism and toxic empathy. By God’s design, women are the more empathetic sex. It’s why women are the glue that holds communities together. Crucially, however, what is a blessing in one place is a curse in another. The same impulse that leads a woman to move toward the hurting with comfort becomes a major liability when it comes to guarding the doctrine and worship of the church. Like in Deuteronomy, there are times–usually involving grave error or gross sin–when God forbids empathy and pity. It’s one reason why the empathetic sex is ill-suited to the ministerial office.

Fourth, refuse to concede what cannot be conceded. Don’t embrace the lie. Biblical compassion reserves the right not to blaspheme. This is especially true in an age of gay “weddings” and other celebrations of wickedness. Be willing to be labeled “heartless” as you seek the ultimate good of other people by refusing to join them in the Lie (even under pressure from other soft-hearted Christians). 

Finally, we must labor to be faithfully compassionate, weeping with those who weep, considering both their immediate feelings and their ultimate good. In compassion, we meet people in suffering and say, “This is hard. I know you feel that way. I’m with you in this, and I have hope.”

At the same time, we refuse to be totally immersed in the feelings of another. We refuse to allow other people to steer our emotional vehicles. We resist attempts to subordinate truth to the feelings and sensitivities of the most reactive and immature members of a community. We move deliberately deliberately and intentionally into the pain of others while clinging to Jesus for dear life. 

As Christians, we must have deep feeling for the hurting, the broken, and the suffering. We are, after all, called to clothe ourselves with “bowels of mercies.” But our feelings, and our sharing in the feelings of others, must be tethered to Truth, to Reality, to Christ. God help us. 

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