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Envy Rises (Acts of the Apostles #30) (Christ Church)
Christ Church on May 28, 2025
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The Sure Mercies of David (Acts of the Apostles #29) (Christ Church)

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INTRODUCTION

We are here given an outline of the sermon Paul preached in the synagogue at Pisidian Antioch. The sermon was preached to Jews and Gentile God-fearers both. Remember that by this point in history, the faith of Israel was mighty attractive to many Gentiles, and they admired it from their seats in the back row. But circumcision and keeping the entire law was a real barrier to full entry, and the message brought by the Christian evangelists was therefore electrifying.

THE TEXT

“But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down. And after the reading of the law and the prophets the rulers of the synagogue sent unto them, saying, Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word of exhortation for the people, say on. Then Paul stood up, and beckoning with his hand said, Men of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience. The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it . . . (Acts 13:14–41).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

They left Perga and came to Pisidian Antioch, and went to the synagogue on the sabbath, and sat (v. 14). After the Scripture reading, the synagogue rulers invited them to speak to the people (v. 15). Paul stood, motioned with his hand, and addressed both the Jews and the God-fearers (v. 16). The God of Israel chose “our fathers,” and exalted them with a high arm by bringing them out of Egypt (v. 17). He then put up with them for the 40 years in the wilderness (v. 18). After destroying the seven Canaanite nations, He divided the land up for them by lot (v. 19). He gave them judges for 450 years (v. 20), until the time of Samuel the prophet. When they sought a king, He gave them Saul, a Benjamite, for 40 years (v. 21). After He removed Saul, He raised up David instead. God testified concerning David, that he was a man after God’s own heart (1 Sam. 13:14), and that he would fulfill all God’s will (v. 22). From David’s seed, God fulfilled His promise by raising up a savior for Israel, this Jesus (v. 23). Before He arrived, John came first, preaching repentance (v. 24). And as John finished his ministry, he denied that he was the one, and that he was unworthy to untie the shoes of the coming one (v. 25). You children of Abraham, and you God-fearers, this word of salvation is for you (v. 26). The residents of Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize Him, or the voices of the prophets that they themselves fulfilled (v. 27). There was no guilt in Him, but they demanded Pilate execute Him anyway (v. 28). After all was fulfilled, they took Him from the tree and laid Him in a sepulcher (v. 29), and then God raised Him from the dead (v. 30). He was seen over the course of many days by many Galileans, who can bear witness (v. 31). And so Paul declares to them about the promise God made to the fathers (v. 32). God fulfilled that promise by raising Jesus, as was promised in the second psalm (v. 33). Once raised, Christ was placed beyond the reach of corruption, receiving the sure mercies of David (v. 34). He said this in yet another psalm—the Holy One would not see corruption (v. 35). But David himself did see corruption (v. 36). But the one raised did not see corruption (v. 37). They should therefore know that through this man there is forgiveness of sins (v. 38). Those who believe are justified from all things, things the law of Moses could not touch (v. 39). But the prophets who predicted all this also issued a warning (v. 40). Despisers are called to be astonished, and then to die—because God was going to do something that they would in no way believe, even if it were to be spelled out to them (v. 41).

UNTOUCHED BY DECAY

Paul walks through a history of Israel, doing so in order to highlight David, the one through whom all the promises would be fulfilled. He comes to David in v. 22, the one through whom everything would come together. But even though God was extraordinarily kind to David, it was nevertheless true that David died and decomposed (v. 36). This means that the promise in David’s psalm (Ps. 16:10)—that the Holy One would never see decay—had to be talking about someone else. That someone was the Son of David, the Lord Jesus.

FIRSTBORN FROM AMOUNG THE DEAD

A glorious declaration is made in Psalm 2— “I will declare the decree: The LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; This day have I begotten thee” (Psalm 2:7). Someone who held to the heretical belief that the Son is a created being might point to this and say, “See? Today I have begotten you.”

But Paul tells us in our text that this was fulfilled when Christ was raised from the dead. “God hath fulfilled the same unto us their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written in the second psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee” (Acts 13:33). This is not saying that Jesus is the first created being. It is saying that He was the first one to be raised from the dead.

“And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence” (Colossians 1:18).

“And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,” (Revelation 1:5).

THE SURE MERCIES OF DAVID

The phrase “sure mercies of David” (v. 34) comes from Isaiah (55:3), and we are told that this is also about the resurrection. This is about the resurrection, but what is the resurrection about? It is about the forgiveness of sins (v. 38). It is about a free and complete and unalterable justification (v. 39). Just as the body of Christ can never decay, so also is it impossible for your justification ever to decay. That justification is perfect forever.

“Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near” (Isaiah 55:6).

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Serious Gentile Territory (Acts of the Apostles #28) (Christ Church)

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INTRODUCTION

We are now accompanying Paul on his first missionary journey, together with Barnabas and their associate minister, John Mark. Now remember the theme of the book of Acts—that being the spread of the gospel from Jerusalem at one end to the uttermost parts of the earth on the other. We are engaged in the arduous process of including the Gentiles in the Christian church, and we have now come to the first giant step.

THE TEXT

“Now there were in the church that was at Antioch certain prophets and teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away . . .” (Acts 13:1–13).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

We begin with a description of the leadership at Syrian Antioch, made up of prophets and teachers. There was Barnabas, an encouraging man we already now. There was a black man named Simeon (his nickname gives him away). Lucius was from Cyrene, located in the eastern part of modern-day Libya. Manaen was likely a noble, having been raised together with Herod the tetrarch. And there was Saul (v. 1). As they ministered before the Lord (the word is leitourgeo, from which we get liturgy) and were fasting, the Spirit directed them to set apart Saul and Barnabas for the mission work He was calling them to (v. 2). So they fasted and prayed, ordained them to the task by laying hands on them, and sent them off (v. 3). Seleucia was the port city for Antioch, so they went there and then sailed for Cyprus (v. 4), sixty miles west, where Barnabas was originally from (Acts 4:36). Arriving at Salamis, the main port of Cyprus, on the east side of the island, they preached in various synagogues, and John Mark was their associate minister (v. 5). Paphos was a city on the southwestern coast of Cyprus, and when they arrived there they encountered a sorcerer, a Jewish false prophet named Bar-jesus (v. 6). This false one was somehow attached to the Roman proconsul named Sergius Paulus, an intelligent Gentile who was open to the gospel (v. 7). But Elymas (Bar-jesus) opposed his interest and tried to turn him away from the faith (v. 8). So then Saul (or Paul) was filled with the Spirit, fixed his eyes on him (v. 9), and called him a bunch of names (v. 10). He said Elymas was filled with trickery and villainy, a child of the devil, and an enemy of righteousness. “When are you going to stop your perversions?” And then Paul with a word struck him blind for a season, and Elymas began groping in a dark mist, looking for a hand (v. 11). So Sergius Paulus, astonished, believed in the Lord (v. 12). They then sailed north to the city of Perga in Pamphylia (modern Turkey), and John Mark abandoned them there, returning to Jerusalem (v. 13).

A GENTILE COLD CALL

To date, the book of Acts has been slowly inching toward the deep end. We can hear the overture of this theme in the sermon of Stephen to the Sanhedrin—God was not going to safely contained in their holy box. But the initial forays are all Jewish adjacent. The Samaritans are included, but they were at least partly Jewish (Acts 8:14). The Ethiopian eunuch was saved, but he had just been worshiping in Jerusalem (a clear God-fearer), and then he had the good grace to disappear back to Ethiopia (Acts 8:39). Then there was Cornelius, a Roman centurion, but he was a God-fearer also, and had a reputation as such among the Jews (Acts 10:22). So he was included also, but there was disputing over it. The road was starting to get bumpy.

The conversion of Sergius Paulus was the first recorded Gentile convert straight out of paganism.When Saul and Barnabas were ministering in the synagogues of Cyprus, John Mark was right there, serving as their assistant. But then when they presented the gospel to a man who up until ten minutes before had had a sorcerer as part of his entourage, this was a bit much for John Mark. He headed back to Jerusalem at the first opportunity.

SAUL BECOMES PAUL

This significant moment—going straight to a Gentile as a pagan Gentile—is where Luke starts calling Saul Paul. Paul was the apostle to the Gentiles (Rom. 11:13; 1 Tim. 2:7; 2 Tim. 1:11), and as we accompany him discharging that office, we start going by his Gentile name. Paul goes by Paul for the remainder of Acts. The only time the name Saul is used after this is in a reference to the first king of Israel (Acts 13:21), and in Paul’s testimonies where the Lord calls him Saul (Acts 22:7; 26:14), and when Ananias does (Acts 22:13). Paul is the great apostle to the Gentiles.

ETHNIC CHALLENGES, THEIRS AND OURS

It is the easiest thing in the world to be suspicious of people who are different, and this includes suspicions created by trivial differences—clothing styles, how much spices flavor the food, and so on. But it is also the easiest thing in the world for liberals to pretend that this is the nature of all ethnic differences by definition, and consequently that ethnicity (and citizenship and borders and so on) shouldn’t matter to anybody at all, for any reason.

But ethnic differences can be adiaphora (as noted above), with some cultures using a lot more nutmeg than is proper. At the next level up, differences can be substantive, but not overtly moral (education, literacy, artistic, etc.). And there are also ethnic differences that are directly moral. When the Jerusalem Council made their determination, one of the things they required was that the Gentiles avoid fornication (Acts 15:29). And remember that the new members class at Corinth had to contain the reminder to stop visiting prostitutes (1 Cor. 6:15). But because people are the way they are, these three levels get all jumbled up together, such that some people start thinking that the nutmeg is a dog-whistle for fornication.

So keep your eye on the ball—

“Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all” (Colossians 3:11).

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Struck by an Angel (Acts of the Apostles #27)

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INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, we should notice a few introductions, and a notable contrast. We are introduced to John Mark, the author of the second gospel, in which he served as Peter’s “secretary.” We are also introduced, obliquely, to James the Lord’s brother. And the contrast is between how the angel of the Lord treated Peter over against Herod.

THE TEXT

“Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him . . .” (Acts 12:1-25).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

So Herod decided to harass the church (v. 1), with the result that James the apostle was martyred (v. 2). Herod saw that this scored some points for him with the Jews, so he arrested Peter (v. 3). This was again the time of Passover. Peter was turned over to four squads of soldiers, with the intent that he would be brought out before the people after Passover (v. 4). So Peter was in jail, with the church praying earnestly for him (v. 5). So the night before he was to be brought out, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with 2 chains, and with guards at the gate (v. 6). An angel of the Lord appeared, and a bright light, and the angel struck Peter on the side, telling him to get up quickly (v. 7), which he did, the chains having fallen off. The angel told him to put on his sandals and cloak, and to follow (v. 8). Peter did what he was told, thinking it a vision (v. 9). They passed two guard posts, and then came to an iron gate to the city, which opened by itself. They went out, down one street, and the angel disappeared (v. 10). Peter realized what had happened—an angel had delivered him from Herod, and the bloodlust of the Jews (v. 11). He thought about it, and went to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, where there was a prayer meeting going on (v. 12). Peter knocked at the gate, and a slave girl named Rhoda answered (v. 13). She recognized Peter’s voice, and without opening up, ran in and told everybody (v. 14). They all said she was crazy, but she insisted, and so they said it must be some kind of angelic doppelganger (v. 15). Peter kept knocking and they finally opened the door, they were astounded (v. 16). He quieted them by gesticulating, told them the story, and told them to get the word to (a different) James, and the brothers, and then he disappeared (v. 17). In the morning, there was a commotion at the prison over the missing prisoner (v. 18). Herod inquired, and ordered the guards to be executed (v. 19), and then left for Caesarea.

In the meantime, there had been a political quarrel between Herod and the cities of Tyre and Sidon (v. 20). But they wanted to make peace because they were dependent upon imports from Herod, negotiating through an official of Herod’s named Blastus (v. 20). So Herod came out to make a speech, in royal apparel (v. 21). The people were enthusiastic—“the voice of a god, not a man” (v. 22). Because he did not give God glory, the angel of the Lord struck him, and he was consumed by worms and died (v. 23). The Word of God, however, continued to thrive (v. 24). And when Barnabas and Saul completed their famine relief ministry, they left Jerusalem for Antioch, taking John Mark with them (v. 25).

JAMES, THE LORD’S BROTHER

The chapter begins with James, the brother of John, getting executed. He was half of the “sons of thunder” (Mark 3:17), a son of Zebedee. He was one of the Twelve, and the first apostle to die. But notice that Peter tells the people at John Mark’s house to get to the word to “James and to the brethren.” This is James, the Lord’s brother, and author of the book of James. When Jesus was alive, James was not a believer (John 7:5), but we know that Jesus appeared to him after the resurrection (1 Cor. 15:7). And by this point in Acts, he already has a position of some prominence (v. 17). By the Jerusalem Council, in Acts 15, he presides over the Council.

AND JOHN MARK

This is the place where John Mark is introduced by name. But it is at least possible that we have seen him before. Take note of the fact that he lives in a house in Jerusalem big enough to host a prayer meeting, and it is a house with at least one domestic slave, Rhoda. John Mark is wealthy, in other words. And in the account of the rich young ruler, which occurs in three gospels (Matt. 19:16-30; Mark 10:17-31; Luke 18:18-30), the gospel of Mark is suggestive in that it is the only one where it says Jesus looked on him and “loved him” (Mark 10:21). And in one other tantalizing possibility, with an incident unique to Mark, a young man ran off naked the night of the Lord’s arrest (Mark 14:51-52). It is hard for me to understand what on earth that detail might be there for, if not for Mark making a point of including it.

STRUCK BY THE ANGEL

Josephus has an account of Herod Agrippa’s death in his Antiquities (19.8.2). While being hailed as a god, he was struck with severe abdominal pain, was carried to the palace, and died five days later.

So in this chapter, two men are struck (patasso), Peter for blessing and Herod for cursing. For Peter, that striking results in deliverance from death. For Herod, the striking results in an agonizing death. In both cases, the striking is performed by the angel of the Lord. And it appears from the nature of Herod’s affliction that they were both struck in the middle of the body.

What may we take from this? God’s providential dealings with us are frequently inscrutable, and we often do not know what is going on. Peter thought his deliverance was a vision. The people at John Mark’s thought it was more likely that they were being visited by Peter’s angel than that Peter had been delivered by an angel. In a contrasting way, Herod was slow to read his impending judgment. We need to be more quick-eyed in seeing God’s kindness to us. Our deliverance does not always look or feel like deliverance. And the judgment of God might be arriving in the roar of the crowd’s approval. When the angel of the Lord strikes you, what kind of striking shall it be?

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The Primitive Gospel (Acts of the Apostles #26) (Christ Church)

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INTRODUCTION

As we continue to work our way through the book of Acts, we are not going to spend very much time on the retelling in verses 4-14. But we are not setting this repetition aside as unimportant because Luke obviously intends to emphasize it. He wants us to note it. He tells the story in chapter 10, and then repeats it in detail in chapter 11. Then there is a strong reference to this episode at the Jerusalem Council later (Acts 15:7-11). This incident was a significant event.

We can note a few additional details we learn in this recounting. We learn that six Jews accompanied Peter from Joppa (v. 12). We learn that the angel told Cornelius that the message that Peter would bring would be words of salvation (v. 14). And Peter tells us here that the Spirit fell on them near the beginning of his talk (v. 15). So we will begin our exposition at verse 16.

THE TEXT

“And the apostles and brethren that were in Judaea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the circumcision contended with him, Saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them. But Peter rehearsed the matter from the beginning, and expounded it by order unto them, saying .. .” (Acts 11:1–30).

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

So the apostles and brothers of Judea heard that the Gentiles had received the Word of God (v. 1). So when Peter arrived back in Jerusalem, the circumcision party there challenged him (v. 2). The charge was that Peter had gone in with Gentiles, and had shared table fellowship (v. 3). The eating appears to have been the central problem. So Peter tells the story over again (vv. 7-15), including the fact that “these” six men here saw it all.

Peter remembered the Lord’s statement that John baptized with water, but that His followers would be baptized with the Holy Spirit (v. 16). So if God gave Gentiles the Spirit in the same way that He had done for the Jews on Pentecost, who was Peter to fight God (v. 17)? Now this satisfied them and they glorified God (v. 18), saying that God had granted Gentiles repentance unto life. But this resolution was only temporary.

Those who had scattered because of the persecution after Stephen’s death preached the word to Jews only, but doing so in Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Cyrene (v. 19). Phoenicia was along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus was an island about sixty miles out, and Cyrene was in modern day Libya, on the north coast of Africa. Some of these men from Cyprus and Cyrene came to (Syrian) Antioch and began preaching the Lord Jesus to Greeks (v. 20). The hand of the Lord was with them, and many believed and turned to the Lord (v. 21). The church at Jerusalem heard about this, and so they sent Barnabas to Antioch to check it out (v. 22). He got there, saw the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them to cling to the Lord with resolute and steadfast hearts (v. 23). He was a good man, full of the Spirit and faith, and many more people were converted (v. 24). So Barnabas went to Tarsus to enlist the help of Saul (v. 25). This was about 80 miles away, as the crow flies. They came back to Antioch and taught a lot of people there for a year (v. 26). The name Christian was first applied to believers there in that city (v. 26).

During that time, prophets came from Jerusalem to Antioch (v. 27), and one of them named Agabus prophesied that there would be a great famine throughout the empire (oikoumene), which then happened during the reign of Claudius Caesar (v. 28). Claudius reigned from 41 A.D. to 54 A.D. The believers there in Antioch, each according to capacity, decided to send a famine relief gift to Judea (v. 29). They did this, and sent it to the elders there by the hands of Saul and Barnabas (v. 30).

THE FIRST PAULINE EPISTLE

One of the things we should want to do is integrate the timeline of the epistles into the history of Acts. Our first opportunity to do this comes with Galatians, which I take to be Paul’s earliest letter in the canon. But to do this we have to answer the question, “Who were the Galatians exactly?” There was ethnic Galatia up north—think rural Celtic tribes—and there was the Roman province of Galatia down south. Think of the difference between the Dakota Indian tribe, and South Dakota.

If Paul is writing to the Galatians of the Roman province, then this places his book in the chronology of Acts. If he is writing to the ethnic Galatians up north, then we don’t quite know how and when Paul got acquainted with them. This is important for several reasons. One is that the “south Galatian” understanding gives us an early date for Galatians, and a mature statement of justification by faith alone very early on in the history of the church. It was not a late “add on,” not a Pauline afterthought. Second, the details in Galatians blend very nicely with Acts on this view. For example, the “famine relief visit” (Acts 11:28-29) is the visit that was in response to a revelation (Gal. 2:2). And third, it explains why Paul didn’t appeal to the decision of the Jerusalem council in a letter dedicated to the very same controversy. He didn’t appeal to it because it had not yet happened. It also explains the heat of Galatians.

The mission to the province of Galatia happened in the neighborhood of 47-48 A.D. and the Jerusalem Council somewhere near 48-49 A.D. Thus the best date for the writing of Galatians would be right before the Council, probably in 48 A.D., during the reign of Claudius.

THE GOSPEL AT GROUND ZERO

In the book of Galatians, we see a fully-formed and robust articulation of justification by faith alone, apart from works of the law. With an early date for Galatians, we can see just exactly how Paul was instructing the early Christians—what he was teaching them. We also see how this proclaimed gospel was causing an inchoate church to form, making the gospel the seed of the church, and not the other way around. We also see how this plain gospel was senior to the church, and to her officers, and senior to angelic messengers. If we or an angel from heaven, preach a different gospel than the one that was first preached to you, then let that messenger be accursed and damned (Gal. 1:8).

And what is that gospel? That Christ, the eternal Son of God, was made man for our sakes. He lived a perfect, sinless life, was crucified, buried, raised, and ascended, and all of His perfections are imputed, gratis, to anyone who looks to Him in faith. That is the Word that establishes the church, and that is the Word that builds a new world.

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