INTRODUCTION

The wisdom of God is foolishness to man, and we must understand deep in our bones that one of the central missions of God in the history of the world is to destroy the wisdom of man (1 Cor. 1:19). This doesn’t mean that we cannot grow in God’s wisdom, but it means that we must be incredibly skeptical of human wisdom. The goal of the history of the world is that no flesh would glory in His presence but that all would glory in Him (1 Cor. 1:29-31).

This wisdom is on display in Paul’s circumcision of Timothy, and in his obedience to the Holy Spirit leading him to the Philippian riverside to preach to a few Jewish women. 

The Text: “Then came he to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timotheus, the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed; but his father was a Greek…” (Acts 16:1-5)

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

After parting ways with Barnabas, Paul and Silas began visiting the cities from the first missionary journey, coming first to Derbe, where Paul and Barnabas had ended that first trip, where Paul recovered after being stoned in Lystra (Acts 16:1, 14:20-21). This time in Derbe, Paul recruited Timothy to join them, whose mother was a believing Jew but whose father was a Gentile, and so Paul had Timothy circumcised to prevent giving offence (Acts 16:2-3). 

Together, they visited and encouraged the churches in Phrygia, delivering the decision of the Jerusalem council, before heading north and then west to the coast by the leading of the Spirit (Acts 16:4-7). There in Troas, Paul saw a vision of a man from Macedonia calling for help, and Luke apparently joined them, as they sailed to northern Greece and came to the chief imperial city Philippi (Acts 16:8-12). On the Sabbath, since there were apparently not enough Jewish men to form a synagogue, they went down to the river side where Jewish women gathered for prayers, and God opened the heart of a woman named Lydia to believe the gospel, she and her household were baptized, and she invited the missionaries to lodge with her (Acts 16:13-15).

CIRCUMSISING TIMOTHY

At first, this might seem confusing for Paul to circumcise Timothy, but this is a glorious illustration of gospel wisdom. Remember, prior to this, Paul had worked closely with Titus, a Greek, and had specifically resisted the implication that he needed to be circumcised (Gal. 2:3). And now, the Jerusalem Council has just explicitly ruled that circumcision is not necessary for Christians (Acts 15), and he’s reporting that to the churches and then the first thing Paul does is circumcise Timothy (Acts 16:3). A reasonable person might ask: What is up with that? The answer is in Galatians: “For brethren, ye have been called to liberty; only use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another” (Gal. 5:13). Paul was willing to sacrifice his freedom to avoid giving offense in order to help build up new Christians into maturity (cf. Rom. 15:2, 1 Cor. 8:1). But when people began demanding circumcision, Paul drew a fierce line, and called that a “yoke of bondage,” and being in one of his more winsome moods, wrote that he wished those who made that kind of trouble would castrate themselves (Gal. 5:1-3, 12). 

But this decision with Timothy really is remarkable. This goes against everything in our flesh. And no doubt, a bunch of the “based bros” would have snickered amongst themselves and said things like “Ok, boomer,” as though Paul was losing his edge. But far from it: this was Paul demonstrating that he understood the wisdom of the gospel. And underline this point: he didn’t have to do it. And circumcision was no little, painless thing. Paul was willing, happy even, to lay down freedom and comfort for the sake of avoiding offense. It was only at the point where a preference was turned into a mandate, that Paul absolutely refused. This wisdom applies to drinking alcohol, dietary preferences, educational methods, health care decisions, and liturgical details, among others.

THE GOD WHO CLOSES DOORS AND OPENS HEARTS

The Holy Spirit is cited several times in this passage: not allowing them to go further into Asia or Bithynia (Acts 16:6-7) and He is implied in the vision of the man from Macedonia (Acts 16:9). John Calvin points out that it might have felt like a significant let down to have ended up in Philippi after such a fruitful ministry in Asia Minor and for there to be no synagogue to preach in, only a group of Jewish women gathering for prayer at a river side. But undaunted, they preach the gospel, and the Lord opened Lydia’s heart (Acts 16:14). We are not apostles and we are not ordinarily led with the same kind of direct instructions or visions, but we do have the Spirit’s authoritative word in the Bible and we have witnessed the same powerful miracle every time someone comes to faith in Christ. It really is incredible that the Lord of Universe is so dedicated to using human means: the Spirit directs Paul and Paul preaches, and God opens hearts. But the reason is so that we will understand more profoundly His wisdom and His glory, and our foolishness and weakness.  

APPLICATIONS

So much here is about wisdom: when to defer, when to change course, and following the Spirit. We need wisdom, and James says that we should ask since God gives wisdom generously to those who ask in faith (Js. 1:5-6). Later, James contrasts the meekness of wisdom from above with the carnal wisdom that is full of bitter envying (Js. 3:13-17). So this is the fruit of the kind of wisdom you actually have versus what you might think you have.

Wisdom is not esoteric mysticism. It is not irrational or pure luck. Wisdom is the skill or art of living well in obedience to God for the edification of His people (cf. Ex. 35:30-36:2). Edification means “building up.” God gave His Spirit of wisdom to Bezalel for the construction of the tabernacle, and the Spirit has now been poured out for the construction of the Church (1 Cor. 3). Edification is not doing whatever seems best to us or even what anyone prefers. Edification is growing in holiness. We are artisans working on God’s house, for the salvation of the world, which seems kind of silly if you think about it. And the principle means that God is using is the preaching of Christ crucified for sinners.

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INTRODUCTION

We live in world full of petty divisions and many foolish alliances. Maturity means growing up into a deep commitment to the truth as well as being able to tell the difference between gnats and camels. Unity at all costs will always lead to compromise, and certain wooden ideologies create brittle men and communities. We are seeking to build an anti-fragile like-mindedness, full of resilient, joyful saints, loyal to Christ and their people.  

The Text: “And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord and see how they do…” Acts 15:36-41

SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

After some time in Antioch following the decision of the Jerusalem Council, Paul proposed to Barnabas that they revisit the churches from their previous missionary journey (Acts 15:36). Barnabas insisted on taking John Mark with them, but Paul disagreed since John Mark had left them on their last journey (Acts 15:37-38, cf. 13:13). Remember that Barnabas was known as the “son of encouragement” (Acts 4:36) who had initially brought Paul to the apostles after his conversion (Acts 9:27). Barnabas was sent by the apostles in Jerusalem to encourage Paul’s ministry, and the two of them had led the first major missionary journey (Acts 11:22-30, 13:2) and stood together against the Judaizers who said Gentiles had to be circumcised to be saved (Acts 15:2). In other words, Paul and Barnabas had been very close, but the disagreement over John Mark was so sharp that Paul and Barnabas separated, with Paul taking Silas and Barnabas taking John Mark (Acts 15:39-41).  

WHO WAS JOHN MARK?

John Mark was related to Barnabas and probably his nephew (Col. 4:10). This likely explains at least some of Barnabas’s strong feelings about the matter. After some time serving with Barnabas, Mark later became an apprentice under the Apostle Peter (1 Pet. 5:13), under whose authority, Mark wrote his gospel. It seems likely that Mark was the rich young ruler that Jesus instructed to sell everything, since he adds, “Jesus beholding him loved him” (Mk. 10:21), and he may be the young man who ran away naked from the Garden when Jesus was arrested, since Mark is the only gospel to mention it (Mk. 14:51-52). Mark fits the rich young ruler description when Peter shows up at his mother’s house after breaking out of jail – a large enough house to gather in, with servants (and suggests great piety since this was during a fierce persecution, Acts 12:12). At the end of Paul’s life, imprisoned in Rome, he asked for Mark, “for he is profitable to me for the ministry” (2 Tim. 4:11).

MISSION MATURITY

So what do we make of this sharp disagreement? Well, Paul certainly had a point: John Mark did apparently flake on the first missionary journey (Acts 13:13). We are not given any information about why he left. Maybe he had very good reasons; maybe he couldn’t take the heat. Paul felt so strongly about this, he believed it was worth dividing over. Given the rest of his ministry and the fact that the church commended Paul and Silas, I am inclined to side with Paul (Acts 15:40). 

Nevertheless, Paul’s conviction was not personal animosity but a matter of ministry focus (Col. 4:10, 2 Tim. 4:11). Many Christians allow compassion and sympathy to trump duty and truth. Given the threats they faced, Paul was not crazy to want a strong missionary team. Churches, businesses, and nations sometimes need to make similar decisions, which need not be a permanent appraisal of character or gifts. This is what we may call “mission maturity.” What do we need right now to be faithful? Not knowing Barnabas’s arguments, he may have been too soft, or he may have believed that he had certain familial duties that trumped Paul’s convictions. No doubt this was a hard moment, but all the indications are that both men remained faithful to God, refused to be bitter or resentful, and the mission carried on. It is possible to disagree, go separate ways, and remain in fellowship, even if we might note that it appears Paul chose the path of greater blessing.

APPLICATIONS

The word for the “sharp disagreement” is the word “paroxusmos,” which is where we get the English word “paroxysm” meaning “convulsion” or “outburst.” The only other use of the word in the New Testament is Heb. 10:24: “And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works.” Our fierce pursuit of Christ and the missions He has assigned to us (family, church, business, community), ought to be calculated to apply godly pressure on those around us to love and obey Christ more. 

In this case, the division actually did result in more love and good works: Barnabas continued discipling Mark, which apparently ultimately resulted in Mark serving Peter and writing a gospel and becoming very useful to the Kingdom. Paul ended up taking Silas with him and they had an incredibly fruitful ministry together. And this doesn’t always mean that “everybody was right in their own way;” it just means that not every disagreement, division, or mistake is fatal. Good men sharpen one another (Prov. 27:17). 

Sometimes the kindest thing you can do is fire a fellow believer, so they can find the right job, so that you can provide that job to the right person. Sometimes you give an honest, mixed review/reference for an employee or business. Sometimes, faithful correction or rebuke is not received well at first. Sometimes church discipline is true love, handing a hardened sinner over to Satan so they may be saved and protecting the sheep (1 Cor. 5:5). 

Christians are commanded to preserve the unity we have in Christ (Eph. 4:3-6), but there is another kind of unity we are required to pursue (Eph. 4:13-16). This means that as far as it depends upon us, we want to be in fellowship with all who have the Spirit, who are part of the body, who confess the Triune God. But fellowship is not the same thing as agreeing about everything or being able to work closely together. As we grow up into the fullness of Christ, we must work at holding these things together. Different missions require different kinds of unity. And the grace of God in Christ holds us all together.

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